The four Janus kinase (JAK) proteins and seven signal transducer and activator of
transcription (STAT) transcription factors mediate intracellular signal transduction …

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling
pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular …

Background Upadacitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, is under
investigation for the treatment of Crohn's disease. Methods In two phase 3 induction trials (U …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are fundamental for macrophages to eliminate invasive
microorganisms. However, as observed in nonphagocytic cells, ROS play essential roles in …

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, phenotypically comprising a spectrum of inflammatory
bowel diseases (IBDs), spread globally during the westernization of lifestyle and dietary …

A ubiquitously expressed cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a
significant role in various ongoing cellular mechanisms. The gain or loss-of-function of TGF …

Genome-wide association studies have identified risk loci linked to inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD)—a complex chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. The …

Almost all currently available treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) act by
inhibiting inflammation, often blocking specific inflammatory molecules. However, given the …

Osseointegration of implants is a complex physiological process that requires temporal and
spatial regulation of immune responses, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. To achieve …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are
chronic, relapsing and remitting disorders of intestinal inflammation with potential systemic …