DNA mutations can result from replication errors due to different forms of DNA damage,
including low-abundance DNA adducts induced by reactions with electrophiles. The lack of …

Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6–
4PPs) are genotoxic DNA lesions and mainly generated on thymine–thymine (T–T) …

Abstract Poly (ADP-ribosyl) ation (PARylation), ie, the formation of the nucleic acid-like
biopolymer poly (ADP-ribose)(PAR), is an essential posttranslational modification carried …

Humans are continuously exposed to hazardous chemicals in the environment. These
chemicals or their electrophilic metabolites can form adducts with genomic DNA, which can …

Glyoxal (gx) is a bifunctional electrophile capable of cross-linking DNA. Although it is
present in foods and from the environment, endogenous formation of glyoxal occurs through …

Catechol motifs are ubiquitous in nature, as part of plant, animal and microbial metabolites,
and are known to form complexes with various metal cations. Here, we report for the first …

PR104A is an experimental DNA-alkylating hypoxia-activated prodrug that can also be
activated in an oxygen-independent manner by the two-electron aldo-keto reductase 1C3 …

Biomarkers of exposure reflect the extent to which an individual has been exposed to a
particular agent. This review focuses on covalently modified endogenous molecules …

Environmental and iatrogenic exposures contribute significantly to human diseases,
including cancer. The list of known human carcinogens has recently been extended by the …

β-D-glucosyl-5-hydroxymethyluracil (base J) is a hyper-modified nucleobase found in the
nuclear DNA of kinetoplastid parasites. With replacement of a fraction of thymine in DNA, J is …