Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is characterized by the proliferation of malignant T cells
in inflamed skin lesions. Mycosis fungoides (MF)—the most common variant of CTCL—often …

Vitamin D is a crucial micronutrient, critical to human health, and influences many
physiological processes. Oral and skin-derived vitamin D is hydroxylated to form calcifediol …

Unlike other vitamins, vitamin D3 is synthesised in skin cells in the body. Vitamin D3 has
been known as a bone-related hormone. Recently, however, it has been considered as an …

The synergic role of vitamin D and the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of the immune
system has been thoroughly described in the literature. Vitamin D deficiency and intestinal …

The effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines varies among individuals. During the COVID-19
global pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infection showed significant Th1 characteristics, suggesting …

A central role for vitamin D (VD) in immune modulation has recently been recognized linking
VD insufficiency to autoimmune disorders that commonly exhibit sex-associated differences …

(1) Vitamin D deficiency is associated with mortality in the general population and has been
observed in one rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohort. Here, we investigate the relationship …

Specific critical functions of endocrine and immune cells ensure that an individual remains
healthy and free from infection. This study aimed to explore immune–endocrine associations …

Background The interplay between vitamin D status and inflammatory cytokines in a
supposedly sufficient sunshine environment has not well been evaluated. The study sought …

Introduction and aim: SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks occur cyclically, aligning with winter when
vitamin D levels are lowest, except after new variant outbreaks. Adequate vitamin D is …