Medial petrous apex cholesterol granuloma is a benign lesion which treatment is generally
based on a trans-nasal marsupialization. When the artificial ostium is created, it is usually …

Purpose: Patients who undergo eye removal often present with orbital soft-tissue
insufficiency and contraction of the eye sockets. The most commonly used reconstruction …

Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery is utilized in the management of pathologies
involving the anterior cranial base, petrous apex, clivus, craniocervical junction, and …

With advances and improvements in technology and surgical technique of endoscopic
neurosurgery, endoscopic endonasal techniques have expanded to approach a multitude of …

Optimal results from endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) of the posterior cranial fossa
(transclival and transodontoid approaches) are achieved using a multi-layered …

The three phases of any surgery are (1) surgical exposure (approach),(2) eradication of
pathology, and (3) reconstruction. Although each phase may be performed sequentially by …