There has been an important change in the clinical characteristics and immune profile of
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients during the pandemic thanks to the …

The airway epithelium protects us from environmental insults, which we encounter with
every breath. Not only does it passively filter large particles, it also senses potential danger …

The oral cavity (mouth) has various microbial habitats, including, teeth, gingival sulcus,
gingiva, tongue, inner cheek, hard palate, and soft palate. The human oral cavity houses the …

For more than 70 years, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been a powerful and affordable
treatment option for inflammatory diseases. However, their benefits do not come without a …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease begins as an …

SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19 disease, which can result in consequences
ranging from undetectable to fatal, focusing attention on the modulators of outcomes. The …

Airway macrophages (AMs) play key roles in the maintenance of lung immune tolerance.
Tissue tailored, highly specialised and strategically positioned, AMs are critical sentinels of …

Objective The lung is implicated as a site for breach of tolerance prior to onset of
seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To substantiate this, we investigated lung‐resident B …

Probiotics have been shown to be effective against infectious diseases in clinical trials, with
either intestinal or extraintestinal health benefits. Even though probiotic effects are strain …

Rationale: Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) is a condition that arises after
repeated exposure and sensitization to inhaled antigens. The lung microbiome is …