Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands,
appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching …

Adults with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of developing certain brain or mental
disorders, including stroke, dementia, and depression. Although these disorders are not …

Herein, we review mechanisms regulating cerebral blood flow (CBF), with specific focus on
humans. We revisit important concepts from the older literature and describe the interaction …

New Findings What is the topic of this review? The manuscript collectively combines the
experimental observations from> 100 publications focusing on the regulation of cerebral …

Cerebral autoregulation is the intrinsic ability of the brain to maintain adequate cerebral
perfusion in the presence of blood pressure changes. A large number of methods to assess …

The two major interfaces separating brain and blood have different primary roles. The
choroid plexuses secrete cerebrospinal fluid into the ventricles, accounting for most net fluid …

Key points• The partial pressures of arterial carbon dioxide () and oxygen () has a marked
influence on brain blood flow.• It is unclear if the larger brain arteries are also sensitive to …

There is considerable utility in the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) to assess
cerebrovascular function. The brain is unique in its high energy and oxygen demand but …

Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

In the evaluation of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity measurements, it is often assumed that
the diameter of the large intracranial arteries insonated by transcranial Doppler remains …