Motivational processes are complex and multifaceted, with both directional and activational
aspects. Behavioral activation and exertion of effort are functions that enable organisms to …

Nowadays depression is considered as a systemic illness with different biological
mechanisms involved in its etiology, including inflammatory response, hypothalamic …

Rationale Motivational deficits are a common symptom shared across multiple psychiatric
and neurodegenerative disorders. Effort-based decision-making tasks are a translatable …

Apathy is a complex psychiatric syndrome characterised by motivational deficit, emotional
blunting and cognitive changes. It occurs alongside a broad range of neurological disorders …

Motivational disorders such as apathy syndrome are highly prevalent across neurological
disorders but do not yet have an agreed treatment approach. The use of translational …

Ketamine is a rapidly-acting antidepressant and has shown to be effective in depressed
individuals who have previously failed to benefit from other available treatments. An …

Processing of rewards involves three major mechanisms of cognition, motivation, and
hedonic response, and reward-related deficits seen in psychiatric disorders encompass …

Apathy is a multidimensional psychiatric syndrome that often occurs alongside
neurodegenerative disease but also otherwise healthy ageing. Despite its clinical …

Affective state is an integral component of the way animals, including humans, perceive and
interact with their environment. Animals can be biased by their affective state in the way they …

Anhedonia–a diminished interest or pleasure in activities-is a core selfreported symptom of
depression which is poorly understood and often resistant to conventional treatments …