Allergy is a major public health problem with a high socio‐economic impact. The number of
allergic patients is expected to reach to four billion within two decades when the World's …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential components of innate immunity and provide
defensive inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. Located within the plasma …

By mapping the clinical pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
against insights from virology, immunology, genomics, epidemiology and pharmacology, it is …

Allergen‐specific immunotherapy, which is performed by subcutaneous injection or
sublingual application of allergen extracts, represents an effective treatment against type I …

Prevalence and incidence of IgE-mediated allergic diseases have increased over the past
years in developed and developing countries. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is …

Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which inflammatory responses
have the polarisation of CD 4+ T cells to Th2 cells. Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells …

Abstract Aims Both CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) and melatonin have been
reported to induce Th1 response and contribute to allergic asthma resistance. Here, we …

Background Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important mediators of allergic
asthma. Bacterial components, such as unmethylated CpG DNA, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 …

Allergic asthma is one of most famous allergic diseases, which develops lung and airway
inflammation. Recent studies have revealed the relationship between the pathology of …

Cigarette smoke (CS) facilitates adverse effects on the airway inflammation and treatment of
asthma. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which CS exacerbates asthma. The roles …