Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key immunomodulatory cytokine that affects the
pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory …

Fibrosis can affect any organ and is responsible for up to 45% of all deaths in the
industrialized world. It has long been thought to be relentlessly progressive and irreversible …

Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of
extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different …

Fibroblasts are important cells for the support of homeostatic tissue function. In inflammatory
diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, fibroblasts take on …

Fibrosis, defined by the excess deposition of structural and matricellular proteins in the
extracellular space, underlies tissue dysfunction in multiple chronic diseases. Approved …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one the fastest emerging manifestations of the
metabolic syndrome worldwide. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form …

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a profibrotic cytokine essential for the differentiation of fibroblasts
into collagen-secreting, actin alpha 2, smooth muscle–positive (ACTA2+) myofibroblasts …

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise different fibrotic lung disorders characterized by
cellular proliferation, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. The JAK/STAT molecular pathway …

Mesenchymal cells are mesoderm-derived stromal cells that are best known for providing
structural support to organs, synthesizing and remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) and …

Cardiac injury remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite
significant advances, a full understanding of why the heart fails to fully recover function after …