Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre
and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the∼ 730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) …

Vascular plants appeared~ 410 million years ago, then diverged into several lineages of
which only two survive: the euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and the lycophytes. We …

Genome duplication (GD) has permanently shaped the architecture and function of many
higher eukaryotic genomes. The angiosperms (flowering plants) are outstanding models in …

The ordering and orientation of genomic scaffolds to reconstruct chromosomes is an
essential step during de novo genome assembly. Because this process utilizes various …

Nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes make up the largest plant
disease resistance gene family (R genes), with hundreds of copies occurring in individual …

One of the major causes of significant crop loss throughout the world is the myriad of
environmental stresses including drought, salinity, cold, heavy metal toxicity, and ultraviolet …

Many organisms are currently polyploid, or have a polyploid ancestry and now have
secondarily'diploidized'genomes. This finding is surprising because retained whole-genome …

How an insect evolves to become a successful herbivore is of profound biological and
practical importance. Herbivores are often adapted to feed on a specific group of …

Pollen development is a critical step in plant development that is needed for successful
breeding and seed formation. Manipulation of male fertility has proved a useful trait for …

James A. Shapiro proposes an important new paradigm for understanding biological
evolution, the core organizing principle of biology. Shapiro introduces crucial new molecular …