Kidney fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that
leads to tissue scarring, is the final common outcome of a wide variety of chronic kidney …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) harbours various signals to control cellular functions and the
materiality of tissues. Most efforts to synthetically reconstitute the matrix by biomaterial …

Some scholars have suggested that the clinical application of exosomes derived from
human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs-exo) might represent a novel …

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterised by several grades of chronic inflammation and
collagen deposition in the interalveolar space and is a hallmark of interstitial lung diseases …

Fibrosis, a common process of chronic inflammatory diseases, is defined as a repair
response disorder when organs undergo continuous damage, ultimately leading to scar …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted into the
extracellular space by all cell types. EVs transfer their cargo which includes nucleic acids …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing various ingredients such as DNA,
RNA, lipids and proteins, which play a significant role in intercellular communication …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), produced during viral infections, are of emerging interest in
understanding infectious processes and host–pathogen interactions. EVs and exosomes in …

Chronic liver injuries lead to liver fibrosis and then to end-stage liver cirrhosis. Liver
transplantation is often needed as a course of treatment for patients in critical conditions, but …

Excessive scar formation is a hallmark of localized and systemic fibrotic disorders. Despite
extensive studies to define valid anti-fibrotic targets and develop effective therapeutics …