Multiple sclerosis is a highly heterogeneous disease, and the detection of neuroaxonal
damage as well as its quantification is a critical step for patients. Blood-based serum …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

The primary roles of precision medicine are to perform real‐time examination, administer on‐
demand medication, and apply instruments continuously. However, most current therapeutic …

Objective Neurofilament light chains (NfL) are unique to neuronal cells, are shed to the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and are detectable at low concentrations in peripheral blood …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous
system presenting with significant inter-and intraindividual heterogeneity. However, the …

Identification of the target antigens of pathogenic antibodies and T cells is of fundamental
importance for understanding the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and for the …

Vitamin D system comprises hormone precursors, active metabolites, carriers, enzymes, and
receptors involved in genomic and non-genomic effects. In addition to classical bone-related …

Background: Neurofilament light chain (NFL) is a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) marker of
neuroaxonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To determine the correlation of …

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis is a poorly understood disease entity with no specific
prognostic biomarkers and scarce therapeutic options. We aimed to identify disease activity …

Over the past three decades, many methods have been developed to evaluate levels of
biomarkers in autoimmune diseases. Early investigations have shown that some biomarkers …