The Palaeozoic evolution of land plants revolutionized river geomorphology. However, the
relationships between biotic forcing and channel dynamics are still debated and, as such …

There can be no doubt that early land plant evolution transformed the planet but, until
recently, how and when this was achieved was unclear. Coincidence in the first appearance …

Mountains are arguably Earth's most striking features. They play a major role in determining
global and regional climates, are the source of most rivers, act as cradles, barriers and …

The evolution of the global carbon and silicon cycles is thought to have contributed to the
long-term stability of Earth's climate,–. Many questions remain, however, regarding the …

Rock weathering is a key process in global elemental cycling. Life participates in this
process with tangible consequences observed from the mineral interface to the planetary …

The Paleozoic emergence of terrestrial plants has been linked to a stepwise increase in
Earth's O 2 levels and a cooling of Earth's climate by drawdown of atmospheric CO 2 …

Recent robotic missions to Mars have offered new insights into the extent, diversity and
habitability of the Martian sedimentary rock record. Since the Curiosity rover landed in Gale …

The noble gas isotope systematics of ocean island basalts suggest the existence of
primordial mantle signatures in the deep mantle. Yet, the isotopic compositions of lithophile …

Abstract The Ordovician of Scandinavia (ie Denmark, Norway and Sweden) has been
investigated for over two centuries and, through time, various chronostratigraphic schemes …

Abstract The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction wiped out 85% of animal species in two
phases (LOME1 and LOME2). The kill mechanisms for the extinction phases are debated …