Plant-based diets (PBDs) are increasingly consumed by the Italian population and around
the world. In particular, among PBDs, the vegan diet is a food pattern characterized by the …

Post translational modifications (PTMs) are involved in variety of cellular activities and
phosphorylation is one of the most extensively studied PTM, which regulates a number of …

The stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the
release of critical proinflammatory cytokines that are necessary to activate potent immune …

Glia plays a crucial role in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis in the central nervous
system. The microglial production of immune factors is believed to play an important role in …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are key signaling pathways involved in
the regulation of normal cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Aberrant regulation of …

There is a growing interest in the targeting of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for the prevention
and treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic …

Signalling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) involves five adaptor proteins known as MyD88,
MAL, TRIF, TRAM and SARM. Recent insights have revealed additional functions for MyD88 …

Dysregulation of the inflammatory response in humans can lead to various inflammatory
diseases, like asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. The innate branch of the immune system …

Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that plays a
central role in cellular defense against oxidative and electrophilic insults by timely induction …

The family of interferon (IFN) proteins has now more than reached the potential envisioned
by early discovering virologists: IFNs are not only antivirals with a spectrum of clinical …