Type-III interferons (IFN-λ, IFNL) are the most recently described family of IFNs. This family of
innate cytokines are increasingly being ascribed pivotal roles in host–pathogen interactions …

Interferons (IFNs) are generally considered antiviral cytokines, yet the newly discovered IFN-
λ4 is linked with the failure to clear hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection either spontaneously or …

Much progress has been made in the identification of specific human gene variants that
contribute to enhanced susceptibility or resistance to viral diseases. Herein we review …

Until the mid-nineteenth century, life expectancy at birth averaged 20 years worldwide,
owing mostly to childhood fevers. The germ theory of diseases then gradually overcame the …

Since its discovery in the early 1990s, the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and
activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway has been found to play key roles in …

Approximately 50% of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) have ongoing expression of
interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in the liver. It is unclear why this endogenous antiviral …

The interferon system protects mammals against virus infections. There are several types of
interferons, which are characterized by their ability to inhibit virus replication and resultant …

Chronic hepatitis caused by infection with hepatitis C virus C (HCV)(therefore known as
chronic hepatitis C (CHC)) is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. For the past 25 …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected over 170 million people worldwide and creates a huge
disease burden due to chronic, progressive liver disease. HCV is a single-stranded, positive …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: A limited number of patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-
positive chronic hepatitis B respond to treatment with peginterferon alfa (PEG-IFN). We …