The biofilm matrix can be considered to be a shared space for the encased microbial cells,
comprising a wide variety of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as …

Historically, appreciation for the roles of resource gradients in biology has fluctuated
inversely to the popularity of genetic mechanisms. Nevertheless, in microbiology specifically …

As a complex microbial aggregate, biofilm is a group behavior of bacterial ability to adapt to
the environment. Bacteria produce biofilm substrates that enhance their tolerance to stress …

Microbial communities enmeshed in a matrix of macromolecules, termed as biofilms, are the
natural setting of bacteria. Exopolysaccharide is a critical matrix component of biofilms …

Biofilms have conventionally been perceived as dense bacterial masses on surfaces,
following the five-step model of development. Initial biofilm research focused on surface …

After the first ancient studies on microbial slime (the name by which the biofilm matrix was
initially indicated), multitudes of studies on the morphology, composition and physiology of …

Bacteria and fungi have developed resistance to the existing therapies such as antibiotics
and antifungal drugs, and multiple mechanisms are mediating this resistance. Among these …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of life-threatening acute infections and life-long
lasting chronic infections. The characteristic biofilm mode of life in P. aeruginosa chronic …

In vitro biofilms are communities of microbes with unique features compared to individual
cells. Biofilms are commonly characterized by physical traits like size, adhesion, and a …

The genetic capacity to synthesize the biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Pel is widespread
among Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. However, its exact chemical structure …