Already a well-established treatment for different autonomic and movement disorders, the
use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in pain conditions is now continuously expanding …

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), derived from Clostridium botulinum, has been used
therapeutically for focal dystonia, spasticity, and chronic migraine. Its spectrum as a potential …

Botulinum neurotoxin E (BoNT/E) can cause paralysis in humans and animals by blocking
neurotransmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals. How this toxin targets and enters …

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is one of the most potent toxins known and a potential
biological threat. At the same time, it is among the most widely used therapeutic proteins …

A relatively high number of different medications is currently used for migraine prevention in
clinical practice. Although these compounds were initially developed for other indications …

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is a highly potent neurotoxin that elicits flaccid
paralysis by enzymatic cleavage of the exocytic machinery component SNAP25 in motor …

Neuronal communication is mediated by Ca2+-triggered fusion of transmitter-filled synaptic
vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Synaptotagmin I functions as a Ca2+ …

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is a metalloprotease that produces a sustained yet
transitory blockade of transmitter release from peripheral nerve terminals. Local delivery of …

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) produced by Clostridium botulinum is the most potent
molecule known to mankind. Higher potency of BoNT is attributed to several factors …

Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A), a potent therapeutic used to treat various
disorders, inhibits vesicular neurotransmitter exocytosis by cleaving SNAP25. Development …