Abstract Objectives The Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU)
is a well-validated tool to assess different sources of stress in parents during the NICU …

Modern health care has brought our society innumerable benefits but has also introduced
the experience of pain very early in life. For example, it is now routine care for newborns to …

Background: Neonates cared for in neonatal intensive care units are exposed to many
painful and stressful procedures that, cumulatively, could impact later neurodevelopmental …

The burden of pain in newborn infants has been investigated in numerous studies, but little
is known about the appropriateness of the use of pain scales according to the specific type …

Both babies and their parents may experience a stay in the newborn intensive care unit
(NICU) as a traumatic or a 'toxic stress,'which can lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamic …

Very preterm birth (VPT;< 32 weeks of gestation) has been associated with an increased risk
to develop cognitive and socio-emotional problems, as well as with increased vulnerability …

Every year, 15 million preterm infants are born, and most spend their first weeks in neonatal
intensive care units (NICUs)[1]. Although essential for the support and survival of these …

Background Neonates who are in pain or are stressed during care in the intensive care unit
(ICU) are often given sedation or analgesia. We investigated the current use of sedation or …

Problem Current research suggests behavioral and environmental interventions to prevent
neonatal pain prior to an invasive procedure are rarely administered and seldom …

Behavioral epigenetics is revealing new pathways that lead individuals from early adversity
exposures to later-in-life detrimental outcomes. Preterm birth constitutes one of the major …