Although natural killer (NK) cells were initially named for their spontaneous tumor-killing
capacity, their concept has been greatly expanded with more than 40 years of extensive …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) constitute
common chronic liver diseases with worldwide distribution. NAFLD burden is expected to …

Background Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a significant global health problem, leading
to recurrent inflammation and liver-damaging diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and …

A group of impressive immunotherapies for cancer treatment, including immune checkpoint-
blocking antibodies, gene therapy and immune cell adoptive cellular immunotherapy, have …

Although the pre‐clinical study of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐natural killer (NK) cell
was effective against various tumours, immunosuppression mediated by tumour …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world and is
usually caused by viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV), alcoholic, and non-alcoholic fatty liver …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a critical component of the immune system, have recently been
nominated as emerging players associated with tumor progression and inhibition. ILCs are …

Background It has been widely suggested that the association of hypoxia with the immune
status within the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is of great clinical …

Immunological memory is a cardinal feature of adaptive immunity. Although natural killer
(NK) cells have long been considered short-lived innate lymphocytes that respond rapidly to …

Natural killer (NK) cells represent a heterogeneous population of innate lymphocytes with
phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets. In particular, recent studies have identified a …