Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver diseases that may progress
to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Host immune responses are important …

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is currently treated with IFN-α and nucleos (t) ide analogues,
which have many clinical benefits, but there is no ultimate cure. The major problem consists …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) function in producing effector cytokines in response to
pathogenic infections. However, the roles and related mechanisms of the ILC …

Siglec-9 is an MHC-independent inhibitory receptor selectively expressed on CD56dim NK
cells. Its role in infection diseases has not been investigated yet. Here, we studied the …

Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME)
contribute to an impaired functionality of natural killer (NK) cells that have emerged as a …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified group of innate immune cells lacking
antigen-specific receptors that can mediate immune responses and regulate tissue …

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of innate immune cell that recognize and
eliminate tumor cells and infected cells, without prior sensitization or activation. Herein, we …

Background Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) destroys tumors through hyperthermic injury,
which induces the release of immunogenic intracellular substrates and damages associated …

Background Tumor vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an area of intense
interest. Tremendous clinical trials have been conducted globally, but the efficacy and …

Various preclinical and a limited number of clinical studies of CAR-NK cells have shown
promising results: efficient elimination of target cells without side effects similar to CAR-T …