Background Pilot and feasibility studies provide information to be used when planning a full
trial. A sufficient sample size within the pilot/feasibility study is required so this information …

Background Multiple primary outcomes may be specified in randomised controlled trials
(RCTs). When analysing multiple outcomes it's important to control the family wise error rate …

Scholarly journals increasingly request that authors include effect size (ES) estimates when
reporting statistical results. However, there is little guidance on how authors should interpret …

Sample Sizes for Clinical Trials, Second Edition is a practical book that assists researchers
in their estimation of the sample size for clinical trials. Throughout the book there are …

Evidence suggests a growing call for the prevention of excessive smartphone and social
media use and the ensuing distraction that arises affecting academic achievement and …

Objective To evaluate whether a structured exercise programme improved functional and
health related quality of life outcomes compared with usual care for women at high risk of …

Background Inclusion body myositis is the most frequent myositis in patients older than 50
years. Classical immunosuppressants are ineffective in treating inclusion body myositis, and …

Featured Application Increase vaccination motivation, self-efficacy, and vaccination
behavioral intention by using Child Vaccination Chatbot. Abstract The decreased rate of …

Interactions among intestinal bacteria and the immune system contribute to the maintenance
of a functional intestinal barrier in healthy individuals, and possibly to systemic immune …

Background Tryptophan (Trp) metabolites from intestinal bacteria (indole, indole acetic acid
[IAA] and indole propionic acid [IPA]), and the Trp metabolite kynurenine (Kyn) from the …