The recent success of cancer immunotherapies has highlighted the benefit of harnessing the
immune system for cancer treatment. Vaccines have a long history of promoting immunity to …

Ever since the development of the first vaccine, vaccination has had the great impact on
global health, leading to the decrease in the burden of numerous infectious diseases …

Vaccines are one of the most effective strategies to prevent pathogen-induced illness in
humans. The earliest vaccines were based on live inoculations with low doses of live or …

Infection diseases such as AIDS and COVID-19 remain challenging in regard to protective
vaccine design, while adjuvants are critical for subunit vaccines to induce strong, broad, and …

Over the past 50 years in the field of immunology, something of a Copernican revolution has
happened. For a long time, immunologists were mainly concerned with what is termed …

Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines targeting the fusion glycoprotein (F
protein) are highly effective clinically in preventing RSV challenges. The attachment …

Diarrhea caused by Shigella has been associated with high morbidity and mortality in young
children worldwide. There are no licensed vaccines, and those clinically advanced have …

Introduction Influenza virus changes its genotype through antigenic drift or shift making it
difficult to develop immunity to infection or vaccination. Zoonotic influenza A virus (IAV) …

Vaccines are essential tools to prevent infection and control transmission of infectious
diseases that threaten public health. Most infectious agents enter their hosts across mucosal …

ABSTRACT Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a leading cause of
worldwide morbidity and mortality, the top cause of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections …