Astrocytes are a large and diverse population of morphologically complex cells that exist
throughout nervous systems of multiple species. Progress over the last two decades has …

Neuronal networks are capable of undergoing rapid structural and functional changes called
plasticity, which are essential for shaping circuit function during nervous system …

Connections between neurons can be mapped by acquiring and analyzing electron
microscopic (EM) brain images. In recent years, this approach has been applied to chunks of …

Molecular profiles of neurons influence neural development and function but bridging the
gap between genes, circuits, and behavior has been very difficult. Here we used single cell …

Heliconius butterflies, a speciose genus of Müllerian mimics, represent a classic example of
an adaptive radiation that includes a range of derived dietary, life history, physiological and …

Sphingolipids are a diverse family of lipids with critical structural and signalling functions in
the mammalian nervous system, where they are abundant in myelin membranes. Serine …

Myelination of axons provides the structural basis for rapid saltatory impulse propagation
along vertebrate fiber tracts, a well-established neurophysiological concept. However …

Animals are able to move and react in manifold ways to external stimuli. Thus,
environmental stimuli need to be detected, information must be processed, and, finally, an …

The functionality of the nervous system requires transmission of information along axons
with high speed and precision. Conductance velocity depends on axonal diameter whereas …

Glial cells are an essential component of the nervous system of vertebrates and
invertebrates. In the human brain, glia are as numerous as neurons, yet the importance of …