Anxiety often is studied as a stand-alone construct in laboratory models. But in the context of
coping with real-life anxiety, its negative impacts extend beyond aversive feelings and …

Judgment bias tasks (JBTs) are considered as a family of promising tools in the assessment
of emotional states of animals. JBTs provide a cognitive measure of optimism and/or …

Deficits in reward and motivation are common symptoms characterizing several psychiatric
and neurological disorders. Such deficits may include anhedonia, defined as loss of …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects more than 10% of the population, although our
understanding of the underlying aetiology of the disease and how antidepressant drugs act …

Validated measures of animal affect are crucial to research spanning numerous disciplines.
Judgement bias, which assesses decision-making under ambiguity, is a promising measure …

Mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder, are characterized by abnormal reward
responsiveness. The Response Bias Probabilistic Reward Task (hereafter referred to as …

Behavioral testing constitutes the primary method to measure the emotional states of
nonhuman animals in preclinical research. Emerging as the characteristic tool of the …

BackgroundMood and anxiety disorders are ubiquitous but current treatment options are
ineffective for many sufferers. Moreover, a number of promising pre-clinical interventions …

This field study tested the hypothesis that domestic horses living under putatively
challenging-to-welfare conditions (for example involving social, spatial, feeding constraints) …

Abstract Since Harding, Paul, and Mendl's (2004) seminal paper, a nonverbal paradigm for
testing cognitive judgement bias has been applied to assess affective states of a variety of …