Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a
crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the “quantity” …

Structural biologists have traditionally approached cellular complexity in a reductionist
manner in which the cellular molecular components are fractionated and purified before …

As the endpoint for the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the 26S proteasome is the principal
proteolytic machine responsible for regulated protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. The …

Over the past decade, cross-linking mass spectrometry (CLMS) has developed into a robust
and flexible tool that provides medium-resolution structural information. CLMS data provide …

One of the primary mechanisms of tumor cell immune evasion is the loss of antigenicity,
which arises due to lack of immunogenic tumor antigens as well as dysregulation of the …

The proteasome is an ATP-dependent, 2.5-megadalton molecular machine that is
responsible for selective protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. Here we present cryo …

Proteins adopt different higher-order structures (HOS) to enable their unique biological
functions. Understanding the complexities of protein higher-order structures and dynamics …

A better understanding of proteostasis in health and disease requires robust methods to
determine protein half-lives. Here we improve the precision and accuracy of peptide ion …

Applying a high voltage to a liquid passing through a capillary disintegrates the liquid
meniscus to generate a fine spray of charged droplets. As the droplets evaporate, polar …

The basic principle of adaptive immunity is to strictly discriminate between self and non-self,
and a central challenge to overcome is the enormous variety of pathogens that might be …