Interactions between animals and microbes are ubiquitous in nature and strongly impact
animal physiology. These interactions are shaped by the host immune system, which …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as immune effectors synthesized by a variety of organisms,
not only constitute a robust defense mechanism against a broad spectrum of pathogens in …

Bursicon is a cystine knot family neuropeptide, composed of two subunits, bursicon (burs)
and partner of burs (pburs). The subunits can form heterodimers to regulate cuticle tanning …

Insects possess complex and dynamic gut microbial system, which contributes to host
nutrient absorption, reproduction, energy metabolism, and protection against stress …

The highly invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) started its colonisation from the
species' native range in South America approximately 150 years ago and has since become …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in controlling immune responses, but
their dynamic expression mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we firstly confirm that …

Many plant arboviruses are persistently transmitted by piercing-sucking insect vectors.
However, it remains largely unknown how conserved insect Toll immune response exerts …

Invertebrates lack the immune machinery underlying vertebrate-like acquired immunity.
However, in many insects past infection by the same pathogen can 'prime'the immune …

Insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used globally as bioinsecticides and
within genetically engineered crops, providing benefits such as enhanced pest suppression …

Insects depend on humoral immunity against intruders through the secretion of antimicrobial
peptides (AMPs) and immune effectors via NF-κB transcription factors, and their fitness is …