As ultraprocessed foods (ie, foods composed of mostly cheap industrial sources of dietary
energy and nutrients plus additives) have become more abundant in our food supply, rates …

This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a
behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning …

The brain plays a key role in the controls of energy intake and expenditure, and many genes
associated with obesity are expressed in the central nervous system. Technological and …

During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

Health nudge interventions to steer people into healthier lifestyles are increasingly applied
by governments worldwide, and it is natural to look to such approaches to improve health by …

There is increasing interest among functional neurosurgeons in the potential for novel
therapies to impact upon diseases beyond movement disorders and pain. A target of …

Nucleus accumbens dopamine is known to play a role in motivational processes, and
dysfunctions of mesolimbic dopamine may contribute to motivational symptoms of …

Under normal conditions, food intake and energy expenditure are balanced by a
homeostatic system that maintains stability of body fat content over time. However, this …

One literature treats the hippocampus as a purely cognitive structure involved in memory;
another treats it as a regulator of emotion whose dysfunction leads to psychopathology. We …

Functional, molecular and genetic neuroimaging has highlighted the existence of brain
anomalies and neural vulnerability factors related to obesity and eating disorders such as …