Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with aberrant immune
responses to specific β-cell autoantigens, resulting in insulin deficiency. Children and …

Food can never be entirely safe. Food safety is threatened by numerous pathogens that
cause a variety of foodborne diseases, algal toxins that cause mostly acute disease, and …

Ferritin is a ubiquitous and specialised protein involved in the intracellular storage of iron; it
is also present in serum and other biological fluids, although its secretion processes are still …

The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) comprise a cadre of complex diseases whose
underlying pathoetiology stems from a genetic–environmental interaction, between …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as a new class of modulators of gene
expression at the post-transcriptional level. The function of miRNA is the control of protein …

Ultrafine particles and engineered nanoparticles have unique aerodynamic and biochemical
properties that affect the immune system and human health in ways that are different from or …

Modern immunology traditionally conceives of the immune system as providing defense
against pathogens. Alfred I. Tauber criticizes this conception of immunity as too narrow …

Chronic inflammation is a common theme in a variety of disease pathways, including
autoimmune diseases. The pathways of chronic inflammation are well illustrated by …

In April 2007, an international Colloquium bridging scientific and clinical disciplines was
held to discuss the role of cellular and tissue damage in the initiation, development and …

Glaucoma was previously thought to be caused only through an elevated intraocular
pressure as a sole trigger. Emerging evidence indicates that the pathogenesis of glaucoma …