Retroviral coinfections with HIV-1 and HTLV-1 or with HIV-1 and HTLV-2 occur with variable
frequencies throughout the world with the highest prevalence in large metropolitan areas in …

The human retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1/HTLV-2 share similar routes of transmission but
cause significantly different diseases. In this review we have outlined the immune mediated …

Background To prevent the blood transmission of human T‐cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV),
different countries have introduced anti‐HTLV blood screening. Furthermore, leucoreduction …

Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 is associated with some neurologic diseases, mainly
human T lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis …

Simultaneous infection by human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and human T-
lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) are not uncommon since they have similar means of …

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type II has spread among intravenous drug users
(IDUs), many of whom are coinfected with HIV-1. We have investigated the rate of HTLV-II …

ABSTRACT A single-tube, multiplex, real-time PCR assay with molecular beacons was
established in which various probes were used for the simultaneous detection …

Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), like all organisms, involves
synthesis of a minus-strand and a plus-strand of nucleic acid. Currently available PCR …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can infect quiescent cells, however, viral
production is restricted to actively proliferating cells. Recent evidence has indicated that HIV …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) and human T‐cell lymphotropic virus types 1
and 2 (HTLV‐1 and‐2) are retroviruses that share similar routes of transmission and some …