Accumulating evidence indicates that patients with severe mental disorders, including major
depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia present with various alterations of the gut …

The gastrointestinal tract of the human is inhabited by about 5× 1013 bacteria (of about
1,000 species) as well as archaea, fungi, and viruses. Gut microbiota is known to influence …

Objective Mitochondria are multifunctional life-sustaining organelles that represent a
potential intersection point between psychosocial experiences and biological stress …

Visceral pain is a global term used to describe pain originating from the internal organs of
the body, which affects a significant proportion of the population and is a common feature of …

The physiological consequences of stress often manifest in the gastrointestinal tract.
Traumatic or chronic stress is associated with widespread maladaptive changes throughout …

The human gut is a composite anaerobic environment with a large, diverse and dynamic
enteric microbiota, represented by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, including at least …

Structural and functional alterations to the gut microbiome, referred to as gut dysbiosis, have
emerged as potential key mediators of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer disease (AD) …

While autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by communication impairments,
social abnormalities, and stereotypic behaviors, several medical comorbidities are observed …

The interaction between mitochondria and gut microbiota plays a critical role in intestinal
physiological homeostasis. In this kind of homeostasis, intestinal epithelial hypoxia helps …

The acute phase of IBD with inflamed gut and often ulcerated mucosa is clearly different
from the apparently normal mucosa characteristic of IBS. However, more detailed …