Immune protection and lasting memory are accomplished through the generation of
phenotypically and functionally distinct CD8 T cell subsets. Understanding how these …

Germinal center (GC) dysregulation has been widely reported in the context of
autoimmunity. Here, we show that interleukin 21 (IL-21), the archetypal follicular helper T …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells specialize in helping B cells and are therefore critical
contributors to the generation of humoral immunity. Tfh cells aid immunoglobulin class …

T cell differentiation is a highly regulated, multi-step process necessary for the progressive
establishment of effector functions, immunological memory, and long-term control of …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer in recent years and achieved
overall success and long‐term clinical benefit in patients with a wide variety of cancer types …

Reinvigorating the function of exhausted CD8+ T cells during chronic viral infection and
cancer is a major goal of current immunotherapy regimens. Here, we discuss recent …

Abstract Elevated interleukin (IL)-21 is a common finding in the tissues and/or sera of
patients with autoimmune disease. CD4 T cells are the primary producers of IL-21; often the …

Simple Summary The primary issue of adoptive cell therapy is the poor in vivo persistence.
In this context, it is necessary to clarify the fundamental mechanisms of T cell dysfunction …

Although widely studied as a neurotransmitter, T cell–derived acetylcholine (ACh) has
recently been reported to play an important role in regulating immunity. However, the role of …

B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) serves as a master regulator of the
development and function of antibody-producing B cells. Given that its function in T …