Chronic viral infections where the antigen persists long-term, induces an exhaustion
phenotype in responding T cells. It is now evident that immune checkpoints on T cells …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors exert clinical efficacy against various types of cancer through
reinvigoration of exhausted CD8+ T cells that attack cancer cells directly in the tumor …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for malignant tumors has reached a crucial
stage, with recent studies underscoring the role of T-cell exhaustion in determining the …

Follicular cytotoxic T (Tfc) cells are a newly identified subset of CD8+ T cells enriched in B
cell follicles and their surroundings, which integrate multiple functions such as killing …

Background: Despite advances made with the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in
the control of the HIV 1 infection, a cure has not been achieved because of the persistence …

Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have
demonstrated remarkable success in the treatment of relapsed/refractory melanoma and …

T cell exhaustion, which is observed in various chronic infections and malignancies, is
characterized by elevated expression of multiple inhibitory receptors, impaired effector …

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), a ubiquitous human pathogen, causes several devastating brain
diseases in immune‐compromised individuals. The most notable of these JCPyV …

The IL-6 cytokine family signals through the common signal transduction molecule gp130
combined with a cytokine-specific receptor. Gp130 signaling on CD4 T cells is vital in …

To determine the nature of CD4+ T cells that provide 'help'for generating robust anti-tumor
CD8+ cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses, we profiled the transcriptomes of patient-matched …