Produced water is the main by-product generated by fossil fuel extraction activities. This
wastewater is often heavily contaminated and associated with significant health, safety, and …

Produced water (PW) is the wastewater generated when water from underground reservoirs
is brought to the surface during oil or gas extraction. PW is generated in large amounts and …

The greatest volume of by-products produced in oil and gas recovery operations is referred
to as produced water and increasing environmental concerns and strict legislations on …

Microplastics represent a growing environmental concern for the oceans due to their
potential of adsorbing chemical pollutants, thus representing a still unexplored source of …

The industrialization of the deep sea is expanding worldwide. Increasing oil and gas
exploration activities in the absence of sufficient baseline data in deep-sea ecosystems has …

Microplastics have the potential to uptake and release persistent organic pollutants (POPs);
however, subsequent transfer to marine organisms is poorly understood. Some models …

The industries like petroleum refining, petrochemicals, metallurgical, oil & gas, etc., generate
a substantial volume of oily wastewater, and it is recognized as a potential threat to the …

Background Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metals are not created nor are biodegradable
materials. They naturally occur in earth crust and many of them reach the environment via …

Produced water (PW) is the largest volume of wastewater generated during oil and gas
recovery operations. It is a complex mixture of dissolved and particulate inorganic and …

Operational discharges of produced water and drill cuttings from offshore oil and gas
platforms are a continuous source of contaminants to continental shelf ecosystems. This …