Antagonistic antibodies targeting the inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor PD-1 or its
ligand PD-L1 are used to treat a wide range of cancer types and can substantially improve …

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1
(PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune …

Abstract Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on cancer cells engages with programmed
cell death-1 (PD-1) on immune cells, contributing to cancer immune escape. For multiple …

Cancer immunotherapy has been accompanied by promising results over the past few
years. Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) plays a vital role in inhibiting immune …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing “rogue organ”
composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic and nervous systems, stroma, immune cells …

The recent success of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade in cancer therapy illustrates the important
role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. However …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewing cells that facilitate tumor initiation, promote
metastasis, and enhance cancer therapy resistance. Transcriptomic analyses across many …

Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells derived intracellular and extracellular
programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) promoted cancer progression and drug resistance …

During malignant transformation, accumulated somatic mutations endow cancer cells with
increased invasiveness and immunogenicity. Under selective pressure, these highly …

Background Gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main causes of metastasis and drug
resistance. We previously indicated that miR-375 can inhibit Helicobacter pylori-induced …