Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis (MS), but their precise roles are unclear. In this Review, we provide an overview of …

Investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnostic work-up in suspected multiple
sclerosis (MS) patients has regained attention in the latest version of the diagnostic criteria …

Background: To evaluate whether oligoclonal bands (OB) add information to MRI in
predicting both a second attack and development of disability in patients with clinically …

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the CNS with an
unknown aetiology. Although intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis is a key feature …

Neurodegeneration is the correlate of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) and
thus biological biomarkers that sensitively reflect this process are much needed …

The etiology of autoimmune diseases is due to a combination of genetic predisposition and
environmental factors that alter the expression of immune regulatory genes through various …

Oligoclonal IgM bands restricted to cerebrospinal fluid are an unfavorable prognostic marker
in MS, the most common demyelinating disease of the CNS. We have attempted to identify …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. The
inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that contributes to the innate immune response in …

Intrathecal IgM synthesis (ITMS) predicts a worse evolution in the first stages of multiple
sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was the follow‐up of a group of relapsing‐remitting MS …

There is a strong unmet clinical need for objective body fluid biomarkers to assist early
diagnosis and estimate long-term prognosis, monitor treatment response and predict …