Ferroptosis is mechanism for non-apoptotic, iron-dependent, oxidative cell death that is
characterized by glutathione consumption and lipid peroxides accumulation. Ferroptosis is …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. The initial stage
of CVDs is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, defined as the limited bioavailability of …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as a safe and selective way to treat a wide range
of cancers as well as nononcological disorders. However, as oxygen is required in the …

Chronic inflammation and reduced adiponectin are widely observed in the white adipose
tissue in obesity. However, the cause of the changes remains to be identified. In this study …

Background High invasion and metastasis are the primary factors causing poor prognosis of
patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms …

Recent studies consistently support a hypoxia response in the adipose tissue in obese
animals. The observations have led to the formation of an exciting concept, adipose tissue …

The mitochondrion is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide (O 2•−)
is generated under specific bioenergetic conditions at several sites within the electron …

Hypoxia is an important factor that elicits numerous physiological and pathological
responses. One of the major gene expression programs triggered by hypoxia is mediated …

Nucleotides and nucleosides influence nearly every aspect of physiology and
pathophysiology. Extracellular nucleotides are metabolized through regulated …

During hypoxic conditions, cells undergo critical adaptive responses that include the up-
regulation of hypoxia-inducible proteins (HIFs) and the induction of the unfolded protein …