Exercise intolerance is the cardinal symptom of heart failure (HF) and is of crucial relevance,
because it is associated with a poor quality of life and increased mortality. While impaired …

Despite major efforts to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) burden with
conventional risk factor control, significant residual risk remains. Recent evidence on non …

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms
behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data …

The risk of cancer and associated mortality increases substantially in humans from the age
of 65 years onwards,,,,–. Nonetheless, our understanding of the complex relationship …

The increasing prevalence of older adults with diabetes has become a major social burden.
Diabetes, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction are closely related to the mechanisms of aging …

Aging is characterized by the accumulation of damage to macromolecules and cell
architecture that triggers a proinflammatory state in blood and solid tissues, termed …

Inflammation is a biological response involving immune cells, blood vessels and mediators
induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells or …

When facing an acute viral infection, our immune systems need to function with finite
precision to enable the elimination of the pathogen, whilst protecting our bodies from …

Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age. It involves
both complex genetic and modifiable risk factors, such as lack of exercise, malnutrition and …

Frailty is a clinical syndrome characterized by a reduced physiologic reserve, increased
vulnerability to stressors and an increased risk of adverse outcomes. People with atrial …