A wide variety of microorganisms known to produce auxin and auxin precursors form
beneficial relationships with plants and alter host root development. Moreover, other signals …

The mycorrhizal symbiosis is arguably the most important symbiosis on earth. Fossil records
indicate that arbuscular mycorrhizal interactions evolved 400 to 450 million years ago [1] …

Recently, emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a mode of
communication between bacteria and plants. Although some bacterial VOCs that promote …

Populus spp. are among the most economically important species worldwide. These trees
are used not only for wood and fiber production, but also in the rehabilitation of degraded …

Phytohormones play vital roles in the growth and development of plants as well as in
interactions of plants with microbes such as endophytic fungi. The endophytic root …

The relationships between plant and plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) are
an integrated part of earthborn ecosystem. We are in the era of global warming when …

A large range of microorganisms can associate with plants, resulting in neutral, friendly or
hostile interactions. The ability of plants to recognize compatible and incompatible …

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) grow as saprotrophs in soil and interact with plants, forming
mutualistic associations with roots of many economically and ecologically important forest …

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, symbiotic mutualists of many dominant tree and shrub species,
exhibit a biogeographic pattern counter to the established latitudinal diversity gradient of …

In the natural environment, plants communicate with various microorganisms (pathogenic or
beneficial) and exhibit differential responses. In recent years, research on microbial volatile …