Significance: Proline metabolism has complex roles in a variety of biological processes,
including cell signaling, stress protection, and energy production. Proline also contributes to …

Insects are the largest group of animals on earth. Like mammals, virus, fungi, bacteria and
parasites infect them. Several tissue barriers and defense mechanisms are common for …

Two Gram-negative insect pathogens, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus
luminescens, produce rhabduscin, an amidoglycosyl-and vinyl-isonitrile-functionalized …

Background The holistic view of bacterial symbiosis, incorporating both host and microbial
environment, constitutes a major conceptual shift in studies deciphering host-microbe …

Bacteria belonging to the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus participate in a trilateral
symbiosis in which they enable their nematode hosts to parasitize insect larvae [1]. The …

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are widely used as biological control agents against
insect pests, the efficacy of these organisms strongly depends on the balance between the …

The rapid emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms has become one of the most
critical threats to public health. A decrease in the effectiveness of available antibiotics has …

Currently, potentially harmful insects are controlled mainly by chemical synthetic
insecticides, but environmental emergencies strongly require less invasive control …

Nematodes are ubiquitous organisms that have a significant global impact on ecosystems,
economies, agriculture, and human health. The applied importance of nematodes and the …

Microbial symbioses, in which microbes have either positive (mutualistic) or negative
(parasitic) impacts on host fitness, are integral to all aspects of biology, from ecology to …