Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic interaction between fungi and most
land plants that is underpinned by a bidirectional exchange of nutrients. AM development is …

RNA interference (RNAi) is arguably one of the more versatile mechanisms in cell biology,
facilitating the fine regulation of gene expression and protection against mobile genomic …

Chitin oligomers (COs) are among the most common and active fungal elicitors of plant
responses. Short‐chain COs from symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activate …

Over recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), commonly termed exosomes, have gained
prominence for their potential as natural nanocarriers. It has now been recognized that …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles that have a crucial role
in mediating intercellular communication in mammals by facilitating the transport of proteins …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia form two of the most important plant-microbe
associations for the assimilation of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Symbiont-derived …

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of related studies on exosomes. Most
studies have focused on exosomes derived from mammals, confirming the important role …

Morus sp.(mulberry) has a long tradition of use as a medicinal treatment, including for
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, being shown to have antioxidant properties and …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic microorganisms that colonize plant roots,
promoting plant growth and improving soil quality. A large number of studies have focused …