Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a complex disease process presumed to
emerge from autoimmunity occurring in the thyroid gland, most frequently in Graves disease …

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a peptide growth factor with important functions in
multiple aspects of growth, development and metabolism. The biological actions of IGF1 are …

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the principal mediator of growth hormone (GH), plays a
crucial role in promoting cell growth and differentiation in childhood and continues to have …

Modifying biological agents with polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) has
demonstrated clinical benefits; however, post-market surveillance of PEGylated derivatives …

Purpose Our understanding of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO, AKA Graves'
orbitopathy, thyroid eye disease) has advanced substantially, since one of us (TJS) wrote …

Signaling by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is essential for the development of the
central nervous system (CNS) and regulates neuronal survival and myelination in the adult …

It Takes Two to Tango: IGF-I and TSH Receptors in Thyroid Eye Disease - PMC Back to Top
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Abstract Purpose of Review Bone elongation is a complex process driven by multiple
intrinsic (hormones, growth factors) and extrinsic (nutrition, environment) variables. Bones …

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises multiple growth factor receptors,
including insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (IR)-A and-B. These …

Introduction: The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are a family of secreted peptide hormones
with important roles in different cellular and organism functions. The biological activities of …