This article reviews evidence for sex differences in vulnerability to addiction with an
emphasis on the neural mechanisms underlying these differences. Sex differences in the …

Men and women differ in their ability to evaluate options that vary in their rewards and the
risks that are associated with these outcomes. Most studies have shown that women are …

Sex differences in motivation for food rewards, gambling, and drugs of abuse are modulated
by multiple factors, including sensory stimuli, gonadal hormones, and cognitive bias. Cues …

Background and aims Sex differences in internet gaming disorder (IGD) remain unknown.
Investigating sex-specific neural features that underlie the core risk factor (ie, risk-taking) of …

Rationale Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) exhibit impaired decision making and
elevated risk-taking behavior. In contrast to the effects of natural and semi-synthetic opioids …

Individuals engage in the process of risk-based decision making on a daily basis to navigate
various aspects of life. There are, however, individual differences in this form of decision …

Individuals who use cocaine exhibit maladaptive decision-making, overweighting rewards,
and underweighting potential risks. We previously showed that chronic cocaine self …

Essentially all neuropsychiatric diagnoses show some degree of sex and/or gender
differences in their etiology, diagnosis, or prognosis. As a result, the roles of sex-related …

Many individuals undergo mating and/or other aspects of reproductive experience at some
point in their lives, and pregnancy and childbirth in particular are associated with alterations …

Rationale Empathy, or the ability to perceive, share, and act upon the emotions of another, is
a crucial social skill and is dysfunctional in autism and schizophrenia. While the complexities …