Background Deletion and the reciprocal duplication in 16p11. 2 were recently associated
with autism and developmental delay. Method We indentified 27 deletions and 18 …

This review highlights five areas of recent discovery concerning the role of extracellular-
signal regulated kinases (ERKs) in the hippocampus. First, ERKs have recently been directly …

Enduring forms of synaptic plasticity and memory require new protein synthesis, but little is
known about the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Here, we investigate the role of MAPK …

The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling cascades play critical roles in the
transmission of signals from growth factor receptors to regulate gene expression and …

Autism is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component, yet
the identification of autism susceptibility loci remains elusive. We investigated 180 autism …

The control of motor behavior in animals and humans requires constant adaptation of
neuronal networks to signals of various types and strengths. We found that microRNA-128 …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated and retinoid X receptors (PPARs and RXRs) are
transcription factors belonging to the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Upon activation …

The ERK, p38 and JNK mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are intracellular
signalling pathways that play a pivotal role in many essential cellular processes such as …

Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are a subset of protein tyrosine phosphatases, many
of which dephosphorylate threonine and tyrosine residues on mitogen-activated protein …

The MAP kinase signaling cascade Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK has been involved in a large variety
of cellular and physiological processes that are crucial for life. Many pathological situations …