ERK1 and ERK2 (ERKs), two extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2), are evolutionary-
conserved and ubiquitous serine-threonine kinases involved in regulating cell signalling in …

The purpose of this review is to describe the molecular mechanisms in the striatum that
mediate reward-based learning and action control during instrumental conditioning …

In this study we analyzed the effect on behavior of a chronic exposure to brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF), by analysing a mouse line overexpressing BDNF under the …

Recent studies demonstrate a requirement for the Extracellular signal Regulated Kinase
(ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in both the induction of long-lasting …

The performance of goal-directed actions relies on an animal's previous knowledge of the
outcomes or consequences that result from its actions. Additionally, a sensorimotor learning …

A common single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the human brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) gene, a methionine (Met) substitution for valine (Val) at codon 66 (Val66Met), is …

Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are thought to be critical
mechanisms that contribute to the neural circuit modifications that mediate all forms of …

The neuronal response to a Ca2+ stimulus is a complex process involving direct
Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) actions as well as secondary activation of multiple signaling …

BACKGROUND: Despite extensive research, the molecular/cellular underpinnings of bipolar
disorder (BD) remain to be fully elucidated. Recent data has demonstrated that mood …

Receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated growth factor signaling is essential for proper formation
and development of the neural crest. The many ligands and receptors implicated in these …