Macrophages play a central role in innate immune responses, in disposal of cholesterol, and
in tissue homeostasis and remodeling. To perform these vital functions macrophages …

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) is a rare but serious complication caused by the
spread of N eisseria gonorrhoeae in the human host. Gonococci associated with DGI mainly …

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death (PCD), is an important physiological mechanism,
through which the human immune system regulates homeostasis and responds to diverse …

Staphylococcus aureus can survive both inside and outside of phagocytic and
nonphagocytic host cells. Once in the intracellular milieu, most antibiotics have reduced …

Endothelial cells are important in the pathogenesis of bloodstream infections caused by
Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Numerous investigations have used human …

During infection, interactions between Candida albicans and oral epithelial cells result in
oral epithelial cell death. This is clinically manifested by the development of oral mucosal …

We applied a metabonomic strategy to identify host biomarkers in serum to diagnose
paediatric tuberculosis (TB) disease. 112 symptomatic children with presumptive TB were …

Ceramide is released from sphingomyelin primarily by the activity of acid, neutral, or alkaline
sphingomyelinases or is synthesized de novo. Several bacteria, viruses, and even parasites …

The era of sphingolipid-based therapeutics is upon us. A large body of work has been
accumulating that demonstrates the distinct biological roles of sphingolipids in maintaining a …

Antibiotic resistance has been demonstrated during the entire duration of antibiotic use even
before medical utilization. Increasing resistance within virtually all microbes continues to be …