ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1; P-glycoprotein; multidrug resistance protein 1)
is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent efflux transporter located in the plasma …

The calcineurin inhibitors ciclosporin (cyclosporine) and tacrolimus are immunosuppressant
drugs used for the prevention of organ rejection following transplantation. Both agents are …

In 2007, a consortium of European experts on tacrolimus (TAC) met to discuss the most
recent advances in the drug/dose optimization of TAC taking into account specific clinical …

Introduction: Variability of drug response is an important consideration in clinical medicine. A
major determinant of drug response variability is hepatic cytochrome P450 oxidase …

The calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus is the backbone of immunosuppressive drug therapy
after solid organ transplantation. Tacrolimus is effective in preventing acute rejection but has …

Background: Tacrolimus (Tac, or FK506), a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), is the first-line
immunosuppressant which consists of the footstone as immunosuppressive regimens in …

BACKGROUND Tacrolimus (Tac) is a potent immunosuppressant with considerable toxicity.
Tac pharmacokinetics varies between individuals and thus complicates its use in preventing …

The calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) tacrolimus and cyclosporine are widely used
immunosuppressive drugs characterized by high pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic …

Patients expressing the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 gene require a higher tacrolimus dose
to achieve therapeutic exposure compared with nonexpressers. This randomized‐controlled …

Despite initial enthusiasm, 1, 2, 3 the use of pharmacogenetics has remained limited to
investigation in only a few clinical fields such as oncology and psychiatry. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 The …