In rheumatology, chronic pain most often sets in after a musculoskeletal injury. Its
persistence is not always due to the progression of the initial injury, but in some cases to the …

Inflammatory pain is the perception of noxious stimuli that occurs during inflammation or an
immune response. Glial cells are widespread in the central and peripheral nervous systems …

We recently showed that patients with different chronic pain conditions (such as chronic low
back pain, fibromyalgia, migraine and Gulf War illness) demonstrated elevated brain and/or …

Clinical management of neuropathic pain is unsatisfactory, mainly due to its resistance to the
effects of available analgesics, including opioids. Converging evidence indicates the …

The brain processes information by transmitting signals through highly connected and
dynamic networks of neurons. Neurons use specific cellular structures, including axons …

Though both neuropathy and fibromyalgia are serious complications that cause widespread
pain, distinguishing between the two in order to provide adequate care is difficult. Metabolic …

Microglial cells are specialized macrophage cells of the central nervous system responsible
for the innate immunity of the spinal cord and the brain. They protect the brain and spinal …

Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or non-traumatic in origin, with the latter rising in
incidence and prevalence with the aging demographics of our society. Moreover, as the …

Neuropathic pain is a critical source of comorbidity following spinal cord injury (SCI) that can
be exacerbated by immune-mediated pathologies in the central and peripheral nervous …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Qufeng Zhitong capsule (QFZTC) is a traditional
Chinese medicine (TCM) clinically used for treating pain. However, the active ingredients of …