Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by persistent urine abnormalities, structural
abnormalities or impaired excretory renal function suggestive of a loss of functional …

Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney
injury or maladaptive repair. It is considered as the underlying pathological process of …

Loss of Klotho, an anti-aging protein, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic
kidney diseases. As Klotho is a large transmembrane protein, it is challenging to harness it …

Oxygen is essentially required by most eukaryotic organisms as a scavenger to remove
harmful electron and hydrogen ions or as a critical substrate to ensure the proper execution …

In its early stages, symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are usually not apparent.
Significant reduction of the kidney function is the first obvious sign of disease. If diagnosed …

Renal fibrosis, particularly tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is the common final outcome of almost
all progressive chronic kidney diseases. Renal fibrosis is also a reliable predictor of …

The kidney has a remarkable ability of repair after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, when
injury is severe or persistent, the repair is incomplete or maladaptive and may lead to …

Interstitial fibrosis is the common endpoint of end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD)
leading to kidney failure. The clinical course of many renal diseases, and thereby of CKD, is …

Renal fibrosis is considered as the pathway of almost all kinds of chronic kidney diseases
(CKD) to the end stage of renal diseases (ESRD). Ganoderic acid (GA) is a group of …

Background Kidney insults due to various pathogenic factors, such as trauma, infection, and
inflammation, can cause tubular epithelial cell injury and death, leading to acute kidney …