To understand subjective evaluation of an option, various disciplines have quantified the
interaction between reward and effort during decision making, producing an estimate of …

In this galvanizing follow-up to the best-selling Teaching with Poverty in Mind, renowned
educator and learning expert Eric Jensen digs deeper into engagement as the key factor in …

Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognition, mood, and the brain. However,
exercise also activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and increases levels of the …

Background Anhedonia is considered a suicide risk factor in patients with major affective
disorders. Here, we wanted to quantify the association between anhedonia and current …

Motivational and hedonic impairments are core aspects of a variety of types of
psychopathology. These impairments cut across diagnostic categories and may be critical to …

Increased inflammation in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with low
functional connectivity (FC) in corticostriatal reward circuits and symptoms of anhedonia …

Despite being considered primarily a mood disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD) is
characterized by cognitive and decision making deficits. Recent research has employed …

Adolescence is characterized by heightened reward sensitivity. Accumulating evidence
suggests that this behavior is associated with neurodevelopmental changes in reward …

The neuromodulator dopamine is centrally involved in reward, approach behavior,
exploration, and various aspects of cognition. Variations in dopaminergic function are …

Clear evidence supports a genetic basis for substance use disorders (SUD). Yet, the search
to identify individual gene contributions to SUD has been unsuccessful. Here, we argue for …