Numerous studies have documented that matrix vesicles are unique extracellular membrane-
bound microparticles that serve as initial sites for mineral formation in the growth plate and …

Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that demonstrate remarkable diversity. However, their origin
and pathways of differentiation remain poorly defined. Here, we show that connective tissue …

Animal models of osteoarthritis and in-vitro studies using calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
and basic calcium phosphate crystals will improve our knowledge of these common crystals …

Background and objectives: Pulp stones are hard tissue structures formed in the pulp of
permanent and deciduous teeth. Few studies have evaluated their morphology and …

Objective. To establish the correlations among the mineral components, progressive
calcification process and clinical symptoms of calcific tendonitis. Methods. The morphology …

Severe soft tissue trauma is associated with heterotopic ossification (HO), the abnormal
deposition of bone at extra‐skeletal sites. The pathophysiology of the development of …

During the process of matrix vesicle (MV)-mediated initiation of mineralisation, chondrocytes
and osteoblasts mineralise the extracellular matrix by promoting the seeding of basic …

Matrix vesicles (MVs) play an important role in the initial stage of the process of bone
mineralization, and are involved in multiple rare skeletal diseases with pathological …

Trace elements (TEs) may contribute to the formation of calculi or stones or be involved in
the aetiopathogenesis of stone diseases. The compositions and spatial distribution of …

Supersaturation is the driving force behind crystal formation in the kidneys. It can, however,
result only in the formation of crystals that can often be harmlessly excreted. For stone …